WebThe facts. Heat benzene under reflux with concentrated sulphuric acid for several hours. Warm benzene under reflux at 40°C with fuming sulphuric acid for 20 to 30 minutes. The product is benzenesulphonic acid. The electrophile is actually sulphur trioxide, SO 3, and you may find the equation for the sulphonation reaction written: WebMar 1, 2002 · The kinetics of chlorination of several phenolic compounds and the corresponding formation of chloroform were investigated at room temperature. For …
some environmental problems - the hole in the ozone layer - chemguide
WebThis page looks at ways of swapping the -OH group in the -COOH group of a carboxylic acid for a chlorine atom. This produces useful compounds called acyl chlorides (acid chlorides). It covers the use of phosphorus(V) chloride and phosphorus(III) chloride as well as sulphur dichloride oxide (thionyl chloride). Replacing -OH by -Cl. Introduction WebIn the cases of chlorine and bromine, the iron atoms are oxidised to iron(III) ions. Electrons are removed by the chlorine or bromine. Fe Fe 3+ + 3e-But with iodine you only get iron(II) ions. Fe Fe 2+ + 2e-The iodine isn't a … methods when writing
some more reactions of benzene and methylbenzene - chemguide
WebThe mechanism involves a chain reaction. During a chain reaction, for every reactive species you start off with, a new one is generated at the end - and this keeps the process going. Species: a useful word which is used in chemistry to mean any sort of particle you want it to mean. It covers molecules, ions, atoms, or (in this case) free radicals. WebSodium burns in chlorine with a bright orange flame. White solid sodium chloride is produced. 2Na + Cl 2 2NaCl. Magnesium. Magnesium burns with its usual intense white flame to give white magnesium chloride. Mg + Cl 2 MgCl 2. Aluminium. Aluminium is often reacted with chlorine by passing dry chlorine over aluminium foil heated in a long tube. WebChlorination refers to the application of chlorine for the purposes of oxidation. The forms of chlorine used for chlorination include: chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), … methods with array parameters